diff --git a/test/doctool/test-docs.mjs b/test/doctool/test-docs.mjs
new file mode 100644
index 000000000000..3685a0cf40e2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/doctool/test-docs.mjs
@@ -0,0 +1,54 @@
+import * as common from '../common/index.mjs';
+
+import assert from 'node:assert';
+import fs from 'node:fs/promises';
+import path from 'node:path';
+
+// This tests that `make doc` generates HTML and JSON.
+// Note that for this test to pass, `make doc` must be run first.
+
+if (common.isWindows) {
+  common.skip('`make doc` does not run on Windows');
+}
+
+// Not all files under `doc/api` are expected in the generated output.
+// Parse out list of excluded files.
+let excludes = [];
+const makefile = await fs.open(new URL('../../Makefile', import.meta.url));
+try {
+  // Find the `skip_apidoc_files = ` line and parse out the list of files.
+  for await (const line of makefile.readLines()) {
+    if (line.startsWith('skip_apidoc_files')) {
+      excludes = line.split('=')[1]?.trim().split(/\s/).map((n) => path.basename(n));
+    }
+  }
+} finally {
+  makefile.close();
+}
+
+const outdir = new URL('../../out/doc/api', import.meta.url);
+const files = await fs.readdir(outdir);
+
+// Explicitly check for `all.html` and `all.json` as there is no corresponding `all.md` file in `doc/api`.
+assert(files.includes('all.html'), `all.html was not generated (checked ${files})`);
+assert(files.includes('all.json'), `all.json was not generated (checked ${files})`);
+
+// Check that every markdown file in `doc/api` was processed.
+for await (const file of await fs.opendir(new URL('../../doc/api/', import.meta.url))) {
+  // Only expect markdown files in doc/api.
+  assert(path.extname(file.name), 'md');
+
+  // Always expect markdown file in out/doc/api.
+  assert(files.includes(file.name), `${file.name} not found (checked ${files})`);
+
+  const htmlFile = `${path.basename(file.name, '.md')}.html`;
+  const jsonFile = `${path.basename(file.name, '.md')}.json`;
+  // Excluded files should not generate HTML and json files.
+  if (excludes.includes(file.name)) {
+    assert(!files.includes(htmlFile), `${htmlFile} was unexpectedly generated (checked ${files})`);
+    assert(!files.includes(jsonFile), `${jsonFile} was unexpectedly generated (checked ${files})`);
+  } else {
+    assert(files.includes(htmlFile), `${htmlFile} was not generated (checked ${files})`);
+    assert(files.includes(jsonFile), `${jsonFile} was not generated (checked ${files})`);
+  }
+}