diff --git a/exporters/sender/jdk/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSender.java b/exporters/sender/jdk/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSender.java
index 1c9e7b5d669..069e223a634 100644
--- a/exporters/sender/jdk/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSender.java
+++ b/exporters/sender/jdk/src/main/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSender.java
@@ -32,6 +32,7 @@
 import java.util.OptionalLong;
 import java.util.Set;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletableFuture;
+import java.util.concurrent.CompletionException;
 import java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentLinkedQueue;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.RejectedExecutionException;
@@ -185,7 +186,7 @@ public void send(
                     .whenComplete(
                         (httpResponse, throwable) -> {
                           if (throwable != null) {
-                            onError.accept(throwable);
+                            onError.accept(unwrap(throwable));
                             return;
                           }
                           onResponse.accept(httpResponse);
@@ -196,6 +197,19 @@ public void send(
     }
   }
 
+  // supplyAsync wraps failures in CompletionException, and IOExceptions are additionally wrapped in
+  // UncheckedIOException above. Pass the original exception to onError, as OkHttpHttpSender does.
+  private static Throwable unwrap(Throwable throwable) {
+    Throwable cause = throwable;
+    if (cause instanceof CompletionException && cause.getCause() != null) {
+      cause = cause.getCause();
+    }
+    if (cause instanceof UncheckedIOException && cause.getCause() != null) {
+      cause = cause.getCause();
+    }
+    return cause;
+  }
+
   // Visible for testing
   HttpResponse sendInternal(MessageWriter requestBodyWriter) throws IOException {
     long startTimeNanos = System.nanoTime();
diff --git a/exporters/sender/jdk/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSenderTest.java b/exporters/sender/jdk/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSenderTest.java
index 6b75403c06a..3fee137d9b2 100644
--- a/exporters/sender/jdk/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSenderTest.java
+++ b/exporters/sender/jdk/src/test/java/io/opentelemetry/exporter/sender/jdk/internal/JdkHttpSenderTest.java
@@ -327,7 +327,8 @@ void send_successfulResponse_callsOnResponse() throws Exception {
 
   @Test
   void send_ioException_callsOnError() throws Exception {
-    doThrow(new IOException("send failed")).when(mockHttpClient).send(any(), any());
+    IOException exception = new IOException("send failed");
+    doThrow(exception).when(mockHttpClient).send(any(), any());
 
     JdkHttpSender testSender =
         new JdkHttpSender(
@@ -358,9 +359,7 @@ void send_ioException_callsOnError() throws Exception {
           });
 
       assertThat(latch.await(5, TimeUnit.SECONDS)).isTrue();
-      assertThat(errorRef.get()).isNotNull();
-      assertThat(errorRef.get()).hasRootCauseInstanceOf(IOException.class);
-      assertThat(errorRef.get()).hasRootCauseMessage("send failed");
+      assertThat(errorRef.get()).isSameAs(exception);
       assertThat(responseRef.get()).isNull();
     } finally {
       testSender.shutdown();