[daixtrose]

Fixes #762.

client_bidi_reactor::init() and client_read_reactor::init() call StartCall() and then post the first StartRead() from the caller's thread. If the call ends at once (connection refused, deadline, cancelled context), gRPC can finish it on its own threads right after StartCall() and run OnDone(), which does delete this, while init() is still running. The read then runs on a freed reactor or on a call that has already ended.

Change. init() posts the first read before StartCall(). The gRPC callback API allows this (client_callback.h at v1.51.1):

Activate the RPC and initiate any reads or writes that have been Start'ed before this call.

Initiate a read operation (or post it for later initiation if StartCall has not yet been invoked).

With this order init() starts no operation after StartCall(), so no hold is needed (L291-L293):

Holds are needed if (and only if) this stream has operations that take place on it after StartCall but from outside one of the reactions (OnReadDone, etc).

AddHold()/RemoveHold() around init() would also be correct. I chose the reorder because it needs no extra calls or state.

client_write_reactor::init() only calls StartCall(), so it has no such window. Writes are a related case. For the bidi and write reactors, the doc comments and the doxygen example now emit the first value before init(); gRPC posts it until the call starts, and the existing tests already use this order. A write posted after init() from outside a reaction still needs a hold under the gRPC rules (L301-L312). Adding one would change when OnDone can run, so it is not part of this PR.

Test. New case in test_async_client.cpp, "async client reactor: call that ends during init()": 300 calls per reactor type on the in-process channel, each with its context cancelled before init(). Results with AddressSanitizer (GCC 14.2, gRPC 1.51.1, Debian trixie):

	before	after
new test case	AddressSanitizer error in 10 of 10 runs (8 heap-use-after-free, 2 unknown-crash)	10 of 10 runs pass
reproducer from #762 (read reactor, 2000 calls to a closed port)	heap-use-after-free in 10 of 10 runs	10 of 10 runs clean
read and bidi reactors, refused and cancelled calls, 3 runs each	AddressSanitizer error in 12 of 12 runs	12 of 12 runs clean

The rest of test_async_client passes as well. I built these tests against the system gRPC rather than through the conan setup, and did not run the repository's CI presets.

🤖 Generated with Claude Code

Summary by CodeRabbit

• Bug Fixes
  • Improved handling of client calls cancelled before startup, helping ensure they still report completion reliably.
• Documentation
  • Clarified when to send initial requests and how reactor lifecycle and external writes can affect call completion.
• Examples
  • Updated client reactor examples to send initial requests before starting the call.

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📒 Files selected for processing: 3

• src/examples/rppgrpc/doxygen/client_reactor.cpp
• src/extensions/rppgrpc/rppgrpc/client_reactor.hpp
• src/tests/rppgrpc/test_async_client.cpp

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Walkthrough

Bidirectional and read reactors now post their initial operations before StartCall(). Documentation and examples describe posting initial values before init(). A regression test exercises cancelled calls for three reactor types.

Changes: Client reactor startup

Layer / File(s)	Summary
Reactor startup and lifecycle src/extensions/rppgrpc/rppgrpc/client_reactor.hpp	Bidirectional and read reactors post the first read before StartCall(). The documentation describes possible reactor deletion after init() and warns about races from external emissions without a gRPC hold.
Usage examples and cancellation coverage src/examples/rppgrpc/doxygen/client_reactor.cpp, src/tests/rppgrpc/test_async_client.cpp	The bidirectional and write examples post initial requests before init(). The regression test runs 300 cancelled calls per reactor type and checks for a terminal observable notification within five seconds.

Priority: Normal

Estimated code review effort: 3 (Moderate) | ~20 minutes

Change: Bug fix · Severity of issue fixed: Medium

Suggested reviewers: alexinlog

Merge Risk: Minimal · up to 6a76a

The startup change and updated examples have no identified merge-blocking issue. Normal validation can proceed.

Pre-merge checks: 4 · 1

Failed checks: 1 warning

Check name	Status	Explanation	Resolution
Docstring Coverage		Docstring coverage is 33.33% which is insufficient. The required threshold is 80.00%. Docstring coverage is scoped to functions touched by this diff. Analyzed 3 functions across 3 files.	Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.

Passed checks: 4 passed

Check name	Status	Explanation
Description Check		Check skipped - CodeRabbit’s high-level summary is enabled.
Title check		The title names the primary change: client reactors in rppgrpc now post the first read before StartCall, which matches the changes to client_bidi_reactor::init() and client_read_reactor::init() and th…
Linked Issues check		Direct issue #762 requires preventing reactor use after StartCall() in the read and bidi reactor initialization paths. client_read_reactor::init() and client_bidi_reactor::init() now post the fi…
Out of Scope Changes check		The changed files stay within issue #762. The header and Doxygen changes document the safe initialization order and the gRPC hold requirement. The test adds regression coverage for call completion dur…

Full details: Title check

Explanation

The title names the primary change: client reactors in rppgrpc now post the first read before StartCall, which matches the changes to client_bidi_reactor::init() and client_read_reactor::init() and the linked issue #762 about a heap-use-after-free in client_read_reactor::init(). It is short, specific, and free of noise. The title does not mention the test addition or the documentation updates, which is acceptable because it need not cover every detail.

Full details: Linked Issues check

Explanation

Direct issue #762 requires preventing reactor use after StartCall() in the read and bidi reactor initialization paths. client_read_reactor::init() and client_bidi_reactor::init() now post the first read before StartCall(), and StartCall() is the final reactor use in each method. The added test covers cancelled calls during init() for the read, bidi, and write reactor types and waits for terminal notification. The documentation and Doxygen example match the required pre-init() ordering. Issue #762 only identifies later external writes as a suspected related case, so the lack of a new hold for those writes is not an unmet requirement.

Full details: Out of Scope Changes check

Explanation

The changed files stay within issue #762. The header and Doxygen changes document the safe initialization order and the gRPC hold requirement. The test adds regression coverage for call completion during init(). The write-reactor test case provides related coverage without changing write initialization behavior. No unrelated production behavior or unrelated feature is shown.

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BENCHMARK RESULTS (AUTOGENERATED)

ci-ubuntu-gcc

General

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable	320.60 ns	1.56 ns	1.87 ns	0.83	1.10 ns
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable via pipe operator	309.75 ns	1.56 ns	1.87 ns	0.83	1.09 ns

Sources

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + immediate	699.33 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + current_thread	1051.94 ns	3.45 ns	3.45 ns	1.00	2.74 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) create + subscribe	2259.16 ns	114.54 ns	128.23 ns	0.89	94.99 ns
defer from array of 1 - defer + create + subscribe + immediate	740.17 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + immediate	2144.28 ns	59.70 ns	59.66 ns	1.00	50.11 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + current_thread	3050.96 ns	32.76 ns	32.72 ns	1.00	29.20 ns
from array of 1 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	35885.71 ns	33311.22 ns	34766.46 ns	0.96	27306.19 ns
from array of 1000 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	44805.38 ns	55782.26 ns	56094.37 ns	0.99	44053.19 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) and just(1,2 immediate)create + subscribe	3564.73 ns	142.20 ns	148.33 ns	0.96	132.91 ns

Filtering Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take(1)+subscribe	1084.56 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just+filter(true)+subscribe	850.51 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+skip(1)+subscribe	1015.42 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just(1,1,2)+distinct_until_changed()+subscribe	891.78 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+first()+subscribe	1265.15 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+last()+subscribe	948.26 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just+take_last(1)+subscribe	1121.27 ns	18.05 ns	18.05 ns	1.00	15.28 ns
immediate_just(1,2,3)+element_at(1)+subscribe	838.81 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns

Schedulers

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate scheduler create worker + schedule	264.14 ns	0.62 ns	1.56 ns	0.40	0.54 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule	377.88 ns	4.98 ns	4.98 ns	1.00	3.82 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule + recursive schedule	820.94 ns	61.31 ns	62.68 ns	0.98	52.29 ns

Transforming Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+map(v*2)+subscribe	846.11 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just+scan(10, std::plus)+subscribe	917.09 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns
immediate_just+flat_map(immediate_just(v*2))+subscribe	2347.62 ns	120.19 ns	139.91 ns	0.86	154.36 ns
immediate_just+buffer(2)+subscribe	1563.92 ns	13.70 ns	13.72 ns	1.00	15.84 ns
immediate_just+window(2)+subscribe + subscsribe inner	2465.18 ns	1309.86 ns	1360.01 ns	0.96	1051.23 ns

Conditional Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take_while(false)+subscribe	845.07 ns	-	-	0.00	-
immediate_just+take_while(true)+subscribe	843.75 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns

Utility Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(1)+subscribe_on(immediate)+subscribe	2006.76 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns

Combining Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + merge() + subscribe	3425.04 ns	164.50 ns	157.06 ns	1.05	169.45 ns
immediate_just(1) + merge_with(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	3692.58 ns	156.38 ns	162.67 ns	0.96	158.04 ns
immediate_just(1) + with_latest_from(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	-	149.40 ns	145.78 ns	1.02	131.53 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1),immediate_just(1)) + switch_on_next() + subscribe	3546.45 ns	480.85 ns	418.19 ns	1.15	342.56 ns
immediate_just(1) + zip(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	2202.34 ns	229.39 ns	225.02 ns	1.02	203.01 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + concat() + subscribe	3232.94 ns	228.91 ns	239.71 ns	0.95	229.88 ns

Subjects

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
publish_subject with 1 observer - on_next	34.85 ns	14.81 ns	14.79 ns	1.00	12.94 ns
subscribe 100 observers to publish_subject	201779.60 ns	17498.20 ns	17755.66 ns	0.99	16059.24 ns
100 on_next to 100 observers to publish_subject	28890.05 ns	19969.39 ns	20388.50 ns	0.98	22791.94 ns

Scenarios

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
basic sample	1409.76 ns	13.39 ns	13.38 ns	1.00	18.94 ns
basic sample with immediate scheduler	1432.75 ns	5.60 ns	5.59 ns	1.00	12.05 ns
mix operators with disposables and without disposables	6382.27 ns	1439.21 ns	1464.13 ns	0.98	1482.32 ns
single disposable and looooooong indentity chain	24157.51 ns	1117.13 ns	1074.46 ns	1.04	3849.36 ns

Aggregating Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+reduce(10, std::plus)+subscribe	927.95 ns	0.31 ns	0.31 ns	1.00	0.27 ns

Error Handling Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
create(on_next(1), on_error())+on_error_resume_next(immediate_just(2)))+subscribe	2068.33 ns	981.99 ns	1010.45 ns	0.97	762.94 ns
create(on_error())+retry(1)+subscribe	594.24 ns	114.18 ns	131.00 ns	0.87	101.26 ns

ci-macos

General

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable	571.79 ns	0.54 ns	0.49 ns	1.09	0.54 ns
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable via pipe operator	402.51 ns	0.57 ns	0.50 ns	1.13	0.51 ns

Sources

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + immediate	885.42 ns	0.35 ns	0.34 ns	1.03	0.31 ns
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + current_thread	1298.15 ns	4.29 ns	3.93 ns	1.09	3.89 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) create + subscribe	2941.94 ns	210.73 ns	183.10 ns	1.15	233.43 ns
defer from array of 1 - defer + create + subscribe + immediate	1011.85 ns	0.47 ns	0.36 ns	1.33	0.35 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + immediate	2732.14 ns	78.41 ns	59.16 ns	1.33	59.41 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + current_thread	3347.10 ns	37.89 ns	36.01 ns	1.05	35.65 ns
from array of 1 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	47876.91 ns	44243.04 ns	26443.10 ns	1.67	45123.09 ns
from array of 1000 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	50960.53 ns	57382.26 ns	31683.33 ns	1.81	32998.50 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) and just(1,2 immediate)create + subscribe	5422.33 ns	294.29 ns	200.32 ns	1.47	210.45 ns

Filtering Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take(1)+subscribe	1246.78 ns	0.51 ns	0.35 ns	1.46	0.42 ns
immediate_just+filter(true)+subscribe	1338.47 ns	0.45 ns	0.46 ns	0.99	0.39 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+skip(1)+subscribe	1863.47 ns	0.52 ns	0.40 ns	1.32	0.46 ns
immediate_just(1,1,2)+distinct_until_changed()+subscribe	1098.92 ns	0.47 ns	0.37 ns	1.27	0.37 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+first()+subscribe	1545.41 ns	0.54 ns	0.39 ns	1.38	0.39 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+last()+subscribe	2264.80 ns	1.08 ns	1.01 ns	1.07	1.07 ns
immediate_just+take_last(1)+subscribe	2381.79 ns	0.45 ns	0.41 ns	1.10	0.39 ns
immediate_just(1,2,3)+element_at(1)+subscribe	972.95 ns	0.52 ns	0.37 ns	1.38	0.34 ns

Schedulers

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate scheduler create worker + schedule	721.11 ns	0.65 ns	0.56 ns	1.16	0.59 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule	850.05 ns	4.82 ns	4.42 ns	1.09	4.52 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule + recursive schedule	826.22 ns	73.07 ns	71.56 ns	1.02	76.40 ns

Transforming Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+map(v*2)+subscribe	963.18 ns	4.52 ns	3.23 ns	1.40	3.30 ns
immediate_just+scan(10, std::plus)+subscribe	2219.26 ns	0.41 ns	0.36 ns	1.15	0.38 ns
immediate_just+flat_map(immediate_just(v*2))+subscribe	4010.38 ns	287.69 ns	209.37 ns	1.37	244.00 ns
immediate_just+buffer(2)+subscribe	2561.78 ns	16.43 ns	17.13 ns	0.96	22.40 ns
immediate_just+window(2)+subscribe + subscsribe inner	2251.15 ns	2574.25 ns	1148.06 ns	2.24	1475.93 ns

Conditional Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take_while(false)+subscribe	1152.60 ns	-	-	0.00	-
immediate_just+take_while(true)+subscribe	1612.84 ns	0.56 ns	0.39 ns	1.45	0.40 ns

Utility Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(1)+subscribe_on(immediate)+subscribe	2309.51 ns	2.67 ns	1.94 ns	1.37	2.35 ns

Combining Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + merge() + subscribe	3205.01 ns	296.66 ns	230.48 ns	1.29	339.87 ns
immediate_just(1) + merge_with(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	4211.93 ns	241.60 ns	207.75 ns	1.16	248.22 ns
immediate_just(1) + with_latest_from(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	-	409.58 ns	214.98 ns	1.91	264.76 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1),immediate_just(1)) + switch_on_next() + subscribe	3849.69 ns	665.16 ns	505.87 ns	1.31	623.92 ns
immediate_just(1) + zip(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	3899.66 ns	331.24 ns	292.92 ns	1.13	364.17 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + concat() + subscribe	3420.67 ns	349.93 ns	322.01 ns	1.09	388.28 ns

Subjects

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
publish_subject with 1 observer - on_next	237.58 ns	50.55 ns	23.40 ns	2.16	23.64 ns
subscribe 100 observers to publish_subject	134709.00 ns	138083.00 ns	19641.53 ns	7.03	16178.08 ns
100 on_next to 100 observers to publish_subject	80413.71 ns	15805.80 ns	12055.55 ns	1.31	14686.93 ns

Scenarios

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
basic sample	1483.15 ns	11.14 ns	11.76 ns	0.95	28.75 ns
basic sample with immediate scheduler	2102.64 ns	8.20 ns	6.53 ns	1.26	9.09 ns
mix operators with disposables and without disposables	13245.16 ns	1821.47 ns	1547.47 ns	1.18	1876.25 ns
single disposable and looooooong indentity chain	25903.41 ns	2300.42 ns	2184.15 ns	1.05	4515.64 ns

Aggregating Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+reduce(10, std::plus)+subscribe	1481.74 ns	0.40 ns	0.36 ns	1.09	0.38 ns

Error Handling Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
create(on_next(1), on_error())+on_error_resume_next(immediate_just(2)))+subscribe	15109.76 ns	3097.22 ns	3500.00 ns	0.88	3644.15 ns
create(on_error())+retry(1)+subscribe	1415.15 ns	209.67 ns	204.52 ns	1.03	195.08 ns

ci-ubuntu-clang

General

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable	165.36 ns	0.31 ns	0.65 ns	0.47	1.56 ns
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable via pipe operator	161.39 ns	0.32 ns	0.64 ns	0.50	1.56 ns

Sources

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + immediate	316.92 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + current_thread	458.35 ns	1.72 ns	4.04 ns	0.43	4.04 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) create + subscribe	3062.09 ns	170.18 ns	130.66 ns	1.30	132.14 ns
defer from array of 1 - defer + create + subscribe + immediate	1043.66 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + immediate	3115.72 ns	41.37 ns	58.73 ns	0.70	59.18 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + current_thread	4482.62 ns	22.35 ns	31.10 ns	0.72	31.76 ns
from array of 1 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	14399.09 ns	13593.06 ns	35051.18 ns	0.39	33765.67 ns
from array of 1000 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	17068.82 ns	15701.75 ns	41557.71 ns	0.38	40605.72 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) and just(1,2 immediate)create + subscribe	4481.38 ns	201.49 ns	148.81 ns	1.35	149.13 ns

Filtering Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take(1)+subscribe	1514.64 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns
immediate_just+filter(true)+subscribe	1181.12 ns	0.23 ns	0.31 ns	0.73	0.31 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+skip(1)+subscribe	1452.96 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns
immediate_just(1,1,2)+distinct_until_changed()+subscribe	1157.33 ns	0.22 ns	0.32 ns	0.70	0.33 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+first()+subscribe	1822.41 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.72	0.31 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+last()+subscribe	1354.40 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns
immediate_just+take_last(1)+subscribe	1575.58 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns
immediate_just(1,2,3)+element_at(1)+subscribe	1160.72 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns

Schedulers

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate scheduler create worker + schedule	411.95 ns	0.44 ns	1.55 ns	0.28	0.64 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule	499.17 ns	1.87 ns	4.04 ns	0.46	4.05 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule + recursive schedule	1157.67 ns	36.94 ns	57.71 ns	0.64	65.62 ns

Transforming Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+map(v*2)+subscribe	1397.08 ns	0.25 ns	0.31 ns	0.81	0.31 ns
immediate_just+scan(10, std::plus)+subscribe	1314.12 ns	0.30 ns	0.62 ns	0.48	0.33 ns
immediate_just+flat_map(immediate_just(v*2))+subscribe	2916.33 ns	183.34 ns	139.26 ns	1.32	137.02 ns
immediate_just+buffer(2)+subscribe	1523.83 ns	6.60 ns	14.00 ns	0.47	14.63 ns
immediate_just+window(2)+subscribe + subscsribe inner	2678.01 ns	1141.47 ns	900.95 ns	1.27	932.00 ns

Conditional Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take_while(false)+subscribe	2269.86 ns	-	-	0.00	-
immediate_just+take_while(true)+subscribe	1453.29 ns	0.38 ns	0.31 ns	1.22	0.31 ns

Utility Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(1)+subscribe_on(immediate)+subscribe	2641.92 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.72	0.31 ns

Combining Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + merge() + subscribe	4320.62 ns	211.11 ns	164.06 ns	1.29	155.81 ns
immediate_just(1) + merge_with(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	5022.75 ns	212.39 ns	143.64 ns	1.48	141.36 ns
immediate_just(1) + with_latest_from(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	-	193.24 ns	143.37 ns	1.35	138.79 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1),immediate_just(1)) + switch_on_next() + subscribe	5871.55 ns	596.81 ns	381.48 ns	1.56	377.88 ns
immediate_just(1) + zip(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	2874.70 ns	258.08 ns	216.27 ns	1.19	203.35 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + concat() + subscribe	4213.97 ns	314.16 ns	226.57 ns	1.39	224.93 ns

Subjects

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
publish_subject with 1 observer - on_next	71.34 ns	29.47 ns	19.24 ns	1.53	22.93 ns
subscribe 100 observers to publish_subject	238252.80 ns	22566.11 ns	17385.22 ns	1.30	17479.69 ns
100 on_next to 100 observers to publish_subject	29699.29 ns	14270.96 ns	20315.86 ns	0.70	20333.22 ns

Scenarios

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
basic sample	1645.67 ns	7.42 ns	11.51 ns	0.64	20.84 ns
basic sample with immediate scheduler	1634.10 ns	2.21 ns	5.91 ns	0.37	6.53 ns
mix operators with disposables and without disposables	7274.91 ns	1304.95 ns	1192.77 ns	1.09	1491.58 ns
single disposable and looooooong indentity chain	21304.48 ns	1392.67 ns	1250.01 ns	1.11	4638.32 ns

Aggregating Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+reduce(10, std::plus)+subscribe	1371.14 ns	0.22 ns	0.31 ns	0.71	0.31 ns

Error Handling Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
create(on_next(1), on_error())+on_error_resume_next(immediate_just(2)))+subscribe	2048.23 ns	736.39 ns	1183.77 ns	0.62	1177.26 ns
create(on_error())+retry(1)+subscribe	860.54 ns	186.58 ns	138.49 ns	1.35	139.35 ns

ci-windows

General

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable	556.07 ns	2.16 ns	2.16 ns	1.00	1.85 ns
Subscribe empty callbacks to empty observable via pipe operator	572.10 ns	2.16 ns	2.16 ns	1.00	1.85 ns

Sources

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + immediate	1155.57 ns	4.93 ns	4.94 ns	1.00	5.55 ns
from array of 1 - create + subscribe + current_thread	1419.82 ns	15.75 ns	15.74 ns	1.00	15.45 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) create + subscribe	3696.46 ns	174.60 ns	174.62 ns	1.00	178.05 ns
defer from array of 1 - defer + create + subscribe + immediate	1180.65 ns	5.24 ns	5.24 ns	1.00	5.24 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + immediate	3736.36 ns	139.81 ns	139.74 ns	1.00	142.29 ns
interval - interval + take(3) + subscribe + current_thread	3460.30 ns	60.15 ns	59.86 ns	1.00	62.80 ns
from array of 1 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	123175.00 ns	118700.00 ns	120400.00 ns	0.99	119788.89 ns
from array of 1000 - create + as_blocking + subscribe + new_thread	132655.56 ns	135675.00 ns	136975.00 ns	0.99	137275.00 ns
concat_as_source of just(1 immediate) and just(1,2 immediate)create + subscribe	5329.67 ns	206.57 ns	201.39 ns	1.03	215.13 ns

Filtering Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take(1)+subscribe	1818.86 ns	19.42 ns	19.42 ns	1.00	21.36 ns
immediate_just+filter(true)+subscribe	1610.58 ns	18.50 ns	18.51 ns	1.00	21.59 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+skip(1)+subscribe	2008.80 ns	17.89 ns	17.91 ns	1.00	21.60 ns
immediate_just(1,1,2)+distinct_until_changed()+subscribe	1328.95 ns	20.67 ns	20.68 ns	1.00	26.86 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+first()+subscribe	2372.16 ns	18.20 ns	18.21 ns	1.00	19.43 ns
immediate_just(1,2)+last()+subscribe	1464.98 ns	19.13 ns	19.15 ns	1.00	22.84 ns
immediate_just+take_last(1)+subscribe	2023.02 ns	64.85 ns	64.93 ns	1.00	70.17 ns
immediate_just(1,2,3)+element_at(1)+subscribe	1622.12 ns	20.97 ns	20.98 ns	1.00	21.63 ns

Schedulers

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate scheduler create worker + schedule	477.39 ns	4.32 ns	4.32 ns	1.00	4.32 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule	648.68 ns	11.11 ns	11.11 ns	1.00	11.11 ns
current_thread scheduler create worker + schedule + recursive schedule	1079.50 ns	103.96 ns	101.36 ns	1.03	103.12 ns

Transforming Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+map(v*2)+subscribe	1328.23 ns	18.80 ns	18.80 ns	1.00	21.63 ns
immediate_just+scan(10, std::plus)+subscribe	1422.12 ns	20.96 ns	20.96 ns	1.00	23.80 ns
immediate_just+flat_map(immediate_just(v*2))+subscribe	3837.33 ns	186.30 ns	185.11 ns	1.01	223.46 ns
immediate_just+buffer(2)+subscribe	2291.50 ns	64.26 ns	63.51 ns	1.01	72.33 ns
immediate_just+window(2)+subscribe + subscsribe inner	3974.07 ns	1216.92 ns	1192.15 ns	1.02	1226.57 ns

Conditional Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+take_while(false)+subscribe	1305.28 ns	17.57 ns	17.57 ns	1.00	19.13 ns
immediate_just+take_while(true)+subscribe	1329.92 ns	18.50 ns	18.50 ns	1.00	21.60 ns

Utility Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(1)+subscribe_on(immediate)+subscribe	3205.02 ns	11.10 ns	11.11 ns	1.00	11.11 ns

Combining Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + merge() + subscribe	5054.46 ns	197.43 ns	195.27 ns	1.01	222.13 ns
immediate_just(1) + merge_with(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	5710.11 ns	186.78 ns	178.89 ns	1.04	204.81 ns
immediate_just(1) + with_latest_from(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	-	195.15 ns	194.65 ns	1.00	199.56 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1),immediate_just(1)) + switch_on_next() + subscribe	6119.16 ns	444.60 ns	443.65 ns	1.00	489.05 ns
immediate_just(1) + zip(immediate_just(2)) + subscribe	3865.37 ns	538.25 ns	519.56 ns	1.04	516.04 ns
immediate_just(immediate_just(1), immediate_just(1)) + concat() + subscribe	4853.97 ns	314.42 ns	314.38 ns	1.00	325.14 ns

Subjects

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
publish_subject with 1 observer - on_next	36.72 ns	29.42 ns	29.27 ns	1.01	30.01 ns
subscribe 100 observers to publish_subject	264250.00 ns	25013.33 ns	25450.00 ns	0.98	24830.23 ns
100 on_next to 100 observers to publish_subject	51881.82 ns	35939.39 ns	35922.58 ns	1.00	32997.22 ns

Scenarios

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
basic sample	1853.25 ns	96.57 ns	96.80 ns	1.00	112.11 ns
basic sample with immediate scheduler	1857.89 ns	66.73 ns	68.51 ns	0.97	82.35 ns
mix operators with disposables and without disposables	9381.75 ns	1787.22 ns	1797.99 ns	0.99	2439.19 ns
single disposable and looooooong indentity chain	25641.46 ns	1655.18 ns	1630.37 ns	1.02	6267.21 ns

Aggregating Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
immediate_just+reduce(10, std::plus)+subscribe	1458.16 ns	19.11 ns	19.11 ns	1.00	22.83 ns

Error Handling Operators

name	rxcpp	rpp	prev rpp	ratio	rpp no optimization
create(on_next(1), on_error())+on_error_resume_next(immediate_just(2)))+subscribe	1896.36 ns	357.24 ns	353.06 ns	1.01	380.86 ns
create(on_error())+retry(1)+subscribe	1721.11 ns	138.15 ns	137.92 ns	1.00	139.85 ns