Allow explicit partition values for prelisted files

[osipovartem]

Summary

Allow a prelisted ListingTable to expose caller-supplied partition values, such as a numeric source-file ID, without listing or HEAD requests. Validate count, type and non-nullness when constructing the table. Apply partition predicates after path deduplication and before file limits so pushed-down exact filters remain correct.

The normal listing path and the no-filter prelisted scan path retain their existing behavior. This is a DataFusion building block for per-file COPY INTO accounting in Rustice; it does not itself change COPY result rows.

Verification

• cargo +1.97.0 fmt --all --check
• cargo +1.97.0 test --profile ci -p datafusion --test core_integration datasource::object_store_access:: (27 passed; CSV, JSON, Parquet, filtering and duplicate-path cases)
• cargo +1.97.0 test --profile ci -p datafusion-catalog-listing --lib (20 passed)
• cargo +1.97.0 clippy --profile ci -p datafusion-catalog-listing -p datafusion --tests -- -D warnings

Independent read-only review: approved, no blocking findings remaining.