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test(fuzz): fuzz unions and writes on every dialect - #122
The fuzzer only covered single SELECTs. Unions and writes (INSERT, ON CONFLICT, UPDATE, DELETE, RETURNING) are where dialects differ most, and nothing fuzzed them. This adds both through the dialect registry from #118, so the SQLite and D1 stack (#119–#121) gets them as soon as it merges main and sets its capabilities.
Changes
Union plans (plan.ts, build.ts, model.ts): unionAll of 2–3 row plans that select the same aliases, each alias of one sort in every branch, so a union is well-typed by construction.
Each branch has its own join, filter, DISTINCT, ORDER BY and LIMIT; the union adds its own ORDER BY, LIMIT and OFFSET.
The model concatenates the branches' rows (each branch paged first), then pages the union.
The union pages only when it orders by every alias, so tied rows are equal rows.
New properties: unions match the model (<target>, …). Existing property names and pins are unchanged.
Writes suite (writes.fuzz.test.ts): each input gets a fresh scratch table on the dialect's first target, then runs a random sequence of builder writes:
multi-row inserts leaving defaulted or nullable columns out, and INSERT … SELECT;
ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING / DO UPDATE, with set reading the existing and the excluded row;
UPDATE and DELETE with a filter or allRows();
RETURNING.
After every write it reads the table back and compares it with a JS model of the rows, and compares RETURNING with the rows the write touched. A write the dialect doesn't support is still generated and must be refused at compile time, never run or thrown.
FuzzDialect.writes: the builder's capabilities (insertSelect, update, delete, onConflict, returning, defaultCells) and a scratch table (query Table, create/drop DDL, exec). DialectModule gains unionAll, compileUnion, insertInto, update and deleteFrom.
ClickHouse writes are synchronous: the targets pass mutations_sync=2 and lightweight_deletes_sync=2, so an ALTER TABLE … UPDATE or DELETE is visible to the next read. ClickHouse declares no ON CONFLICT or RETURNING, and the suite checks that the builder refuses both.
tests/fuzz/README.md: both suites, and how a dialect declares write capabilities.
Found
ClickHouse 26 sorts a mixed-type union column as Variant and fails. When a UNION ALL column's branches have numeric types with no common supertype (Id + 1 is UInt64, Id - 1 is Int64; or Int64 and Float64), ClickHouse makes the column a Variant. The union's ORDER BY on it then fails with Data types Variant/Dynamic are not allowed in ORDER BY keys.
Recorded as clickhouse-union-variant-order-by in known-issues.ts and pinned in regressions.ts (it reproduces under FUZZ_STRICT=clickhouse-union-variant-order-by).
The fix belongs in compileUnion: cast a numeric union column to one type when its branches' expressions differ. That is a builder change, so it's left out of this test-only PR.
No other failures: the writes suite and Postgres unions passed from the first run. To check the oracle wasn't vacuous, I broke the model's default Qty and claimed ClickHouse supports RETURNING; both made the suite fail as expected.
Verification
bun run typecheck: pass.
bun run test with ClickHouse 26.8.2.7: 62 files, 1,043 tests passed.
All fuzz suites at FUZZ_SCALE=20 on ClickHouse 26.8.2.7 and PGlite: 67/67 pass. Unions: 1,200 per target and string mode (ClickHouse skips about 18% for the known issue). Writes: 800 sequences per dialect.
Fix: ClickHouse union of mixed numeric columns (added)
The union fuzzer found that a UNION ALL column of numbers with no common ClickHouse type (Id + 1 UInt64 vs Id - 1 Int64, or Int64 vs Float64) becomes a Variant, and ORDER BY on it fails. compileUnion now selects such a column as toFloat64(…) in each branch on ClickHouse (new Dialect.unionNumberCast), only when every branch is numeric and their types may differ. Every numeric ClickHouse type decodes to a JS number, so nothing the decode keeps is lost. The clickhouse-union-variant-order-by known issue is removed; its pinned counterexample passes. Unit test in src/ch/compile.test.ts, docs in docs/unions-and-ctes.md, patch changeset.
Re-verified: bun run test (62 files, 1,043 tests) and every fuzz property at FUZZ_SCALE=20 on ClickHouse 26.8.2.7 + PGlite (67/67, 4,800 ClickHouse union plans with no skips).
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Summary by CodeRabbit
Bug Fixes
ClickHouse UNION ALL queries with numeric columns of differing types now convert those columns to a consistent numeric type, helping prevent failures when ordering by them. Results continue to decode as JavaScript numbers.
Documentation
Updated union guidance to explain when numeric columns should be converted across branches and how to handle other differing column types.
Unions: `unionAll` of two or three row plans that select the same
aliases (each alias one sort in every branch), each branch with its own
join, filter, DISTINCT, ORDER BY and LIMIT, under the union's ORDER BY,
LIMIT and OFFSET. The model concatenates the branches' rows and pages
them; the union pages only when it orders by every alias, so ties are
equal rows. New properties `unions match the model (<target>, …)`.
Writes: a new suite. Each input gets a fresh scratch table on the
dialect's first target and runs a sequence of builder writes: multi-row
inserts leaving defaulted or nullable columns out, INSERT … SELECT,
ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING / DO UPDATE (with the existing and the excluded
row), UPDATE and DELETE with a filter or allRows(), and RETURNING. After
every write the table is read back and compared with a JS model of its
rows, and RETURNING with the rows the write touched. A write the dialect
does not support is still generated and must be refused at compile time.
`FuzzDialect.writes` declares the capabilities and the scratch table
(query `Table`, create/drop DDL, `exec`); `DialectModule` gains
unionAll, compileUnion, insertInto, update and deleteFrom. ClickHouse
targets pass mutations_sync=2 and lightweight_deletes_sync=2 so an
ALTER TABLE UPDATE or DELETE is visible to the next read.
Found: a ClickHouse 26 UNION ALL column whose branches have numeric
types with no common supertype (UInt64 and Int64, Int64 and Float64)
becomes a Variant, and ORDER BY on it fails. Recorded in known-issues
(clickhouse-union-variant-order-by) and pinned.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Files selected for processing: 10
.changeset/clickhouse-union-numbers.md
docs/unions-and-ctes.md
src/ch/compile.test.ts
src/ch/compile.ts
src/ch/dialect.ts
tests/fuzz/dialects/clickhouse.ts
tests/fuzz/known-issues.ts
tests/fuzz/queries.fuzz.test.ts
tests/fuzz/regressions.ts
tests/fuzz/writes.fuzz.test.ts
Walkthrough
The ClickHouse compiler now casts selected numeric columns in UNION ALL branches when their types or computed expressions differ. The fuzz harness adds union-plan generation and evaluation, plus property-based write tests for dialects that declare write support.
Changes: Union compilation and query fuzzing
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Numeric union casting src/ch/dialect.ts, src/ch/compile.ts, src/ch/compile.test.ts, docs/unions-and-ctes.md, .changeset/clickhouse-union-numbers.md
ClickHouse casts qualifying numeric union expressions to Float64. Tests cover differing and matching numeric types, computed expressions, and non-numeric columns. The documentation and changeset describe the behavior.
Union plan construction and evaluation tests/fuzz/plan.ts, tests/fuzz/build.ts, tests/fuzz/model.ts
The fuzz harness generates union plans, builds branch queries with distinct parameter prefixes, and evaluates union rows with union-level ordering and pagination.
Union model checks and regression coverage tests/fuzz/queries.fuzz.test.ts, tests/fuzz/known-issues.ts, tests/fuzz/regressions.ts
Property tests compare compiled union results with the reference model. A pinned arithmetic-expression union regression is added.
Write fuzz testing
Layer / File(s)
Summary
Write capabilities and dialect setup tests/fuzz/dialects/types.ts, tests/fuzz/dialects/clickhouse.ts, tests/fuzz/dialects/postgres.ts, tests/fuzz/README.md
The dialect contract adds write capability flags and scratch-table operations. ClickHouse and Postgres configure write tests, and the guide describes suite coverage and dialect requirements.
Generated write operations and model checks tests/fuzz/writes.fuzz.test.ts
A property test generates write sequences and checks supported operations against a row model, including table state and requested RETURNING rows. Unsupported operations are checked for compile-time refusal.
sequenceDiagram
participant UnionCompiler
participant unionNumberCasts
participant compileInner
participant clickhouseDialect
UnionCompiler->>unionNumberCasts: identify numeric aliases that need casts
UnionCompiler->>compileInner: compile each branch with the cast aliases
compileInner->>clickhouseDialect: cast selected SQL with toFloat64
MapleTechLabs/effect-orm#39: This PR builds on the property-based fuzzing framework and query harness introduced by PR #39.
Merge Risk: Moderate · up to 7fcd3
Some ClickHouse unions can silently lose rows when large integers are cast before deduplication. Preserve those rows before merging; also tighten the write test so compiler defects fail the suite.
Pre-merge checks: 4 · 1
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The title clearly and concisely describes the main changes: adding fuzz testing for unions and writes across dialects.
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Write docstrings for the functions missing them to satisfy the coverage threshold.
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A UNION ALL column of numbers whose branches have no common ClickHouse
type (`Id + 1` is UInt64 and `Id - 1` Int64; Int64 and Float64) becomes a
Variant, and an ORDER BY on it fails ("Variant/Dynamic are not allowed in
ORDER BY keys"); with use_variant_as_common_type = 0 the union itself is
refused. The union fuzzer found it.
On a dialect with `unionNumberCast` (ClickHouse), a column is selected as
toFloat64(…) in every branch when every branch selects a number and their
types may differ: different declared types, or different computations.
Every numeric ClickHouse type decodes to a JS number, so Float64 loses
nothing the decode keeps. The known-issues entry is gone; the pinned
counterexample now passes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Registers the write capabilities from #122 for sqlite and d1: every write
the dialect has (INSERT … SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, ON CONFLICT, RETURNING),
and per-cell DEFAULT refused, as SQLite has none in VALUES. D1 compiles its
unions with the D1 dialect.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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Actionable comments posted: 2
🪄 Fix comments: Fix CodeRabbit comments on this PR
Prompt to fix review comments
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Inline comments:
Review comments at @src/ch/dialect.ts:
- Line 184: Update unionNumberCast so casting UInt64 values preserves distinct
integer identities before branch-level DISTINCT; use a common type that retains
their precision or keep deduplication on the original integer values.
Review comments at @tests/fuzz/writes.fuzz.test.ts:
- Around line 325-328: In the unsupported-write branch guarded by missing,
require result._tag to be Refused; fail with FuzzFailure for every other result,
including Defect, while preserving the existing Compiled failure and continue
behavior.
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Files selected for processing: 16
.changeset/clickhouse-union-numbers.md
docs/unions-and-ctes.md
src/ch/compile.test.ts
src/ch/compile.ts
src/ch/dialect.ts
tests/fuzz/README.md
tests/fuzz/build.ts
tests/fuzz/dialects/clickhouse.ts
tests/fuzz/dialects/postgres.ts
tests/fuzz/dialects/types.ts
tests/fuzz/known-issues.ts
tests/fuzz/model.ts
tests/fuzz/plan.ts
tests/fuzz/queries.fuzz.test.ts
tests/fuzz/regressions.ts
tests/fuzz/writes.fuzz.test.ts
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…ant for that org
The tenant oracle took "single-tenant" to mean the orgId param's tenant.
`OrgId IN ('org_2')` pins a query to org_2, which the builder rightly
reports as single-tenant; the oracle called reading org_2 a leak. Where
the plan's WHERE filters OrgId itself, any one org is right; otherwise
it must still be the param's. Found by a 20x soak on D1; pinned.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…t inside it
Inside a branch the cast ran before that branch's DISTINCT, so two UInt64
values past 2^53 (one Float64) became one row. The cast now wraps each
branch, SELECT toFloat64(x) AS x, … FROM (<branch>), so DISTINCT, GROUP BY
and LIMIT see exact values (CodeRabbit). The writes suite now accepts only
a QueryBuilderError or a QueryBuilderDefect as the refusal of a clause a
dialect lacks, not any defect.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…never cast its values
The previous fix cast such a column to Float64, which an independent
review showed corrupts integers past 2^53 wherever the values stay on the
server: INSERT ... SELECT from the union stored 9007199254740992 for
9007199254740993, and an IN over it matched nothing. Only the union's
ORDER BY was ever broken (a Variant is not a valid sort key), so only the
sort key changes now: toFloat64(x), then accurateCastOrNull(x, 'Int128'),
which keeps integers past 2^53 in exact order. Checked on ClickHouse 26.8
with UInt64/Int64 values around 2^53 and 2^64 - 1.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
… accepts on a Variant
toFloat64 refuses a Variant on ClickHouse 26.2 (CI); CAST(x AS
Nullable(Float64)) works on 26.2 and 26.8, Variant or not. Checked both
versions with the full suite and every fuzz property at 20x.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
…rite, rows still checked
The known-issue matcher for this ClickHouse server bug covered two
shapes; a 20x soak on 26.2 found a third (`(a OR 0 OR a) AND (a OR 0)`).
Rather than chase shapes, a ClickHouse target that gets exactly this
error runs the query again with optimize_extract_common_expressions = 0,
and its rows are compared with the model as usual: these inputs are now
checked, not skipped. The matcher and its helpers are gone.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
Fails with TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_FOR_FUNCTION if the rerun without the rewrite
is removed; passes, rows checked, with it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* feat: add SQLite and D1 codecs and dialect profiles
* feat: preserve SQLite offset and union branch pagination
* feat: reject SQL clauses SQLite cannot execute
* fix: disambiguate SQLite insert-select upserts
* feat: add schema-aware SQLite aggregate and scalar functions
* test: verify SQLite transactions and local D1 safety checks
* docs: publish the SQLite entry and document its tested limits
* docs: list SQLite under ON CONFLICT in the reference
* fix(sqlite): build external tables from their columns
* fix(sqlite): portable LIKE escapes, no silent NUL truncation, exact fractions
Found by running the fuzzer and the core builder suite on SQLite and D1:
- LIKE has no default escape on SQLite, so `like("org\\_1")` matched a
literal backslash and never `org_1`. The dialect now writes
`ESCAPE '\'`, so `\` escapes `%`, `_` and `\` as on every dialect.
- SQLite drivers end text at U+0000: node:sqlite reads `'a' || char(0)`
back as `'a'`, bound or literal. A string with U+0000 is refused at
compile time instead of being stored and read back cut short. (The
hex-cast literal kept NUL in the SQL, but not in the value.)
- SQLite parses some decimals to a neighbouring double, as a literal or
through json_extract (`1.23456789e-95`). A fraction in an expression
is bound instead of written as text; integers are still written.
- `Amount > 9.75` was refused because SQLite.integer only encodes whole
numbers. A fraction compared with an integer column now compiles, as
on Postgres and ClickHouse; inserting one is still refused.
docs/sqlite.md now states SQLite's ASCII-case-insensitive LIKE.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test(sqlite): run the core builder suite and every fuzz property on SQLite and D1
- tests/core.sqlite.test.ts runs every shared core case on node:sqlite
and on a local D1 binding (Miniflare), with SQL snapshots for both.
- tests/fuzz/dialects/sqlite.ts registers `sqlite` and `d1` with the
fuzzer: query plans against the reference model, literal round-trips
for every SQLite column type, compile invariants and hostile values.
Their semantics: NULL first ascending, truncating integer division,
`%` on integers, ASCII-case-insensitive LIKE.
- The real reference row is built from the double's mantissa and powers
of two, since SQLite cannot parse some decimals exactly.
- New core cases pin LIKE escapes and case on every dialect; ILIKE moves
to its own case so `patterns-and-lists` also runs on SQLite.
- Counterexamples pinned in tests/fuzz/regressions.ts.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(sqlite): timestamps in SQLite's own text form, refuse integers past 2^53
`SQLite.timestamp` stored and compared ISO text (`…T16:28:54.750Z`), while
SQLite's functions write `YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS`. SQLite compares text by
bytes, and ' ' sorts before 'T', so a row a DEFAULT stamped just now was
not later than an hour ago: wrong rows, no error. Timestamps now use
SQLite's own form, `YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.SSS` in UTC (what strftime('%f')
and datetime(..., 'subsec') write), for inserts, comparisons and params;
both forms decode, and zoneless text is UTC. The literal fuzz's reference
row is now written by SQLite's datetime(), so builder values must equal
the database's own text. `sqliteTimestampText` is exported for raw SQL.
`SQLite.integer` decoded any integer-valued number. D1 rounds an INTEGER
past 2^53 to a different number, which then passed; it is a decode error
now.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test(fuzz): fuzz unions and writes on every dialect
Unions: `unionAll` of two or three row plans that select the same
aliases (each alias one sort in every branch), each branch with its own
join, filter, DISTINCT, ORDER BY and LIMIT, under the union's ORDER BY,
LIMIT and OFFSET. The model concatenates the branches' rows and pages
them; the union pages only when it orders by every alias, so ties are
equal rows. New properties `unions match the model (<target>, …)`.
Writes: a new suite. Each input gets a fresh scratch table on the
dialect's first target and runs a sequence of builder writes: multi-row
inserts leaving defaulted or nullable columns out, INSERT … SELECT,
ON CONFLICT DO NOTHING / DO UPDATE (with the existing and the excluded
row), UPDATE and DELETE with a filter or allRows(), and RETURNING. After
every write the table is read back and compared with a JS model of its
rows, and RETURNING with the rows the write touched. A write the dialect
does not support is still generated and must be refused at compile time.
`FuzzDialect.writes` declares the capabilities and the scratch table
(query `Table`, create/drop DDL, `exec`); `DialectModule` gains
unionAll, compileUnion, insertInto, update and deleteFrom. ClickHouse
targets pass mutations_sync=2 and lightweight_deletes_sync=2 so an
ALTER TABLE UPDATE or DELETE is visible to the next read.
Found: a ClickHouse 26 UNION ALL column whose branches have numeric
types with no common supertype (UInt64 and Int64, Int64 and Float64)
becomes a Variant, and ORDER BY on it fails. Recorded in known-issues
(clickhouse-union-variant-order-by) and pinned.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(clickhouse): cast a union's mixed numeric column to Float64
A UNION ALL column of numbers whose branches have no common ClickHouse
type (`Id + 1` is UInt64 and `Id - 1` Int64; Int64 and Float64) becomes a
Variant, and an ORDER BY on it fails ("Variant/Dynamic are not allowed in
ORDER BY keys"); with use_variant_as_common_type = 0 the union itself is
refused. The union fuzzer found it.
On a dialect with `unionNumberCast` (ClickHouse), a column is selected as
toFloat64(…) in every branch when every branch selects a number and their
types may differ: different declared types, or different computations.
Every numeric ClickHouse type decodes to a JS number, so Float64 loses
nothing the decode keeps. The known-issues entry is gone; the pinned
counterexample now passes.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test(fuzz): fuzz SQLite and D1 writes and unions
Registers the write capabilities from #122 for sqlite and d1: every write
the dialect has (INSERT … SELECT, UPDATE, DELETE, ON CONFLICT, RETURNING),
and per-cell DEFAULT refused, as SQLite has none in VALUES. D1 compiles its
unions with the D1 dialect.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test(fuzz): a query pinned to one org by its own filter is single-tenant for that org
The tenant oracle took "single-tenant" to mean the orgId param's tenant.
`OrgId IN ('org_2')` pins a query to org_2, which the builder rightly
reports as single-tenant; the oracle called reading org_2 a leak. Where
the plan's WHERE filters OrgId itself, any one org is right; otherwise
it must still be the param's. Found by a 20x soak on D1; pinned.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(clickhouse): cast a union's numeric column around each branch, not inside it
Inside a branch the cast ran before that branch's DISTINCT, so two UInt64
values past 2^53 (one Float64) became one row. The cast now wraps each
branch, SELECT toFloat64(x) AS x, … FROM (<branch>), so DISTINCT, GROUP BY
and LIMIT see exact values (CodeRabbit). The writes suite now accepts only
a QueryBuilderError or a QueryBuilderDefect as the refusal of a clause a
dialect lacks, not any defect.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(clickhouse): order a union's mixed numeric column by exact keys, never cast its values
The previous fix cast such a column to Float64, which an independent
review showed corrupts integers past 2^53 wherever the values stay on the
server: INSERT ... SELECT from the union stored 9007199254740992 for
9007199254740993, and an IN over it matched nothing. Only the union's
ORDER BY was ever broken (a Variant is not a valid sort key), so only the
sort key changes now: toFloat64(x), then accurateCastOrNull(x, 'Int128'),
which keeps integers past 2^53 in exact order. Checked on ClickHouse 26.8
with UInt64/Int64 values around 2^53 and 2^64 - 1.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(sqlite): refuse timestamps outside 0000-9999; fraction rule as a dialect flag
From an independent review:
- A timestamp past year 9999 (new Date(8.64e15), a common max-date
sentinel) was written as '+275760-09 13T00:00:00.', which then failed
to decode, and `at > year 10000` bound text that sorts before every
real timestamp, so it matched every row. Inserts, comparisons and
params now refuse it at compile time; sqliteTimestampText throws.
- `integer > 9.75` keyed off the dialect name, so a profile spread from
sqliteDialect under another name lost it. It is the dialect flag
integerComparesFraction now.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(sqlite): refuse an out-of-range timestamp with a typed error, never a throw
The range check ran after a union member's encoder, which threw a
RangeError for a Date before year 0, so compile died instead of failing
with a QueryBuilderError (found by the hostile-values fuzz property).
Each member of the timestamp codec now checks the range on its decoded
side, and the encoder never throws; dateTimeLiteral fails with a typed
error too. Pinned.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* fix(clickhouse): order union numbers with CAST, which ClickHouse 26.2 accepts on a Variant
toFloat64 refuses a Variant on ClickHouse 26.2 (CI); CAST(x AS
Nullable(Float64)) works on 26.2 and 26.8, Variant or not. Checked both
versions with the full suite and every fuzz property at 20x.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test(fuzz): rerun ClickHouse's one-argument and() bug without the rewrite, rows still checked
The known-issue matcher for this ClickHouse server bug covered two
shapes; a 20x soak on 26.2 found a third (`(a OR 0 OR a) AND (a OR 0)`).
Rather than chase shapes, a ClickHouse target that gets exactly this
error runs the query again with optimize_extract_common_expressions = 0,
and its rows are compared with the model as usual: these inputs are now
checked, not skipped. The matcher and its helpers are gone.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test: retry a D1 request that never reached workerd
Under a 20x soak Miniflare's local socket occasionally drops ('fetch
failed'). Like the ClickHouse helper, the D1 helper retries transport
errors only; a database error still fails.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
* test(fuzz): pin the and() server-bug shape ClickHouse 26.2 hit
Fails with TOO_FEW_ARGUMENTS_FOR_FUNCTION if the rerun without the rewrite
is removed; passes, rows checked, with it.
Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
---------
Co-authored-by: Taras Kornichuk <dread9ko@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Claude Opus 5.5 <noreply@anthropic.com>
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The fuzzer only covered single SELECTs. Unions and writes (INSERT, ON CONFLICT, UPDATE, DELETE, RETURNING) are where dialects differ most, and nothing fuzzed them. This adds both through the dialect registry from #118, so the SQLite and D1 stack (#119–#121) gets them as soon as it merges main and sets its capabilities.
Changes
Union plans (
plan.ts,build.ts,model.ts):unionAllof 2–3 row plans that select the same aliases, each alias of one sort in every branch, so a union is well-typed by construction.unions match the model (<target>, …). Existing property names and pins are unchanged.Writes suite (
writes.fuzz.test.ts): each input gets a fresh scratch table on the dialect's first target, then runs a random sequence of builder writes:setreading the existing and the excluded row;allRows();After every write it reads the table back and compares it with a JS model of the rows, and compares RETURNING with the rows the write touched. A write the dialect doesn't support is still generated and must be refused at compile time, never run or thrown.
FuzzDialect.writes: the builder's capabilities (insertSelect,update,delete,onConflict,returning,defaultCells) and ascratchtable (queryTable, create/drop DDL,exec).DialectModulegainsunionAll,compileUnion,insertInto,updateanddeleteFrom.ClickHouse writes are synchronous: the targets pass
mutations_sync=2andlightweight_deletes_sync=2, so anALTER TABLE … UPDATEorDELETEis visible to the next read. ClickHouse declares no ON CONFLICT or RETURNING, and the suite checks that the builder refuses both.tests/fuzz/README.md: both suites, and how a dialect declares write capabilities.Found
Variantand fails. When a UNION ALL column's branches have numeric types with no common supertype (Id + 1is UInt64,Id - 1is Int64; or Int64 and Float64), ClickHouse makes the column aVariant. The union's ORDER BY on it then fails withData types Variant/Dynamic are not allowed in ORDER BY keys.clickhouse-union-variant-order-byinknown-issues.tsand pinned inregressions.ts(it reproduces underFUZZ_STRICT=clickhouse-union-variant-order-by).compileUnion: cast a numeric union column to one type when its branches' expressions differ. That is a builder change, so it's left out of this test-only PR.No other failures: the writes suite and Postgres unions passed from the first run. To check the oracle wasn't vacuous, I broke the model's default
Qtyand claimed ClickHouse supports RETURNING; both made the suite fail as expected.Verification
bun run typecheck: pass.bun run testwith ClickHouse 26.8.2.7: 62 files, 1,043 tests passed.FUZZ_SCALE=20on ClickHouse 26.8.2.7 and PGlite: 67/67 pass. Unions: 1,200 per target and string mode (ClickHouse skips about 18% for the known issue). Writes: 800 sequences per dialect.Fix: ClickHouse union of mixed numeric columns (added)
The union fuzzer found that a UNION ALL column of numbers with no common ClickHouse type (
Id + 1UInt64 vsId - 1Int64, or Int64 vs Float64) becomes aVariant, and ORDER BY on it fails.compileUnionnow selects such a column astoFloat64(…)in each branch on ClickHouse (newDialect.unionNumberCast), only when every branch is numeric and their types may differ. Every numeric ClickHouse type decodes to a JS number, so nothing the decode keeps is lost. Theclickhouse-union-variant-order-byknown issue is removed; its pinned counterexample passes. Unit test insrc/ch/compile.test.ts, docs indocs/unions-and-ctes.md, patch changeset.Re-verified:
bun run test(62 files, 1,043 tests) and every fuzz property atFUZZ_SCALE=20on ClickHouse 26.8.2.7 + PGlite (67/67, 4,800 ClickHouse union plans with no skips).🤖 Generated with Claude Code
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@codesmith-botwith what you need.Summary by CodeRabbit
UNION ALLqueries with numeric columns of differing types now convert those columns to a consistent numeric type, helping prevent failures when ordering by them. Results continue to decode as JavaScript numbers.